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Extraordinary Claims.

How do I judge what I just saw?

UFO reports, simulation ideas and viral claims, examined calmly: what was observed, what was inferred, and what the evidence supports.

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Short answers, with sources.

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Extraordinary ClaimsAnswer

Are ghosts real? What does the evidence say?

Ghostly experiences are common and deeply felt; here is what careful studies show about where they come from, and what is still open.

Not supported9 min read

Extraordinary ClaimsAnswer

Are we living in a computer simulation?

A famous argument says the idea deserves a serious look, so here is what it claims, what a physics test might find, and why the question is still open.

Open question7 min read

Extraordinary ClaimsAnswer

Could aliens have visited Earth and left traces behind?

Some scientists have studied the question carefully, so here is what a real trace would look like, what the searches have found, what archaeologists learned about the pyramids and the Nazca Lines, and who makes crop circles.

Open question9 min read

Extraordinary ClaimsAnswer

Does astrology work? What happens when it is tested?

Nearly 3 in 10 Americans consult astrology or a horoscope at least once a year, so here is what happens when its predictions are put to fair, blind tests.

Not supported8 min read

Extraordinary ClaimsAnswer

Have UFOs been shown to be alien spacecraft?

Government and NASA reviews have looked hard at UFO reports, so here is what they explained, what they could not explain, and why a missing answer is not the same as an alien one.

Not supported7 min read

All 20 answers in Extraordinary Claims

Extraordinary ClaimsEssay · personal view

Who Built the Pyramids? We Did

The Great Pyramid does not become less astonishing when we remove aliens from the story. It becomes more astonishing, because the evidence points to human planning, labor, care, and accumulated skill.

5 min read

Extraordinary ClaimsClaim examination

Are We Living in a Simulation?

What a famous 2003 argument really claims, how scientists have tried to test the idea, and where science runs out.

Beyond science6 min read

Extraordinary ClaimsExplainer

How to Check a Viral Science Claim in Five Minutes

You don't need a lab to test a shocking headline: a few quick habits borrowed from professional fact-checkers can show whether a claim deserves your trust.

Supported, still debated6 min read

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